Europe’s frozen northeast became a new sacred frontier of holy war, forced conversion and occupation against Europe’s last pagans

John Tolan Islam A new history from Muhammad to the present 304pp. Princeton University Press. £25 (US $29.95). James McDougall Worlds of Islam A global history 608pp. Allen Lane. £40. Elizabeth Drays

In the early 1860s Sicily was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy. Soon after, visitors to the island discovered what they believed was a criminal fraternity at work in Palermo and its environs. Th

ON A COLD, GREY JANUARY DAY IN YORK, I climbed the steps to Clifford’s Tower (pictured below), continuing all the way to the top to enjoy panoramic views across the city. This structure was for many y

Archbishop, Chancellor, Kingmaker: A Life of Thomas Arundel ...

At the start of June 2013, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) appeared to be dead in the water. It was almost 18 months since the then European commissioner for justice, Vi