The fall of saigon

Since 1940 Japan had been devoid of civilian politicians as the parties had been dissolved by the militaristic Imperial Rule Assistance Association, led by Lt General Hideki Tojo. Over the intervening

In this first of a two-part series, read how when faced with total defeat, China’s Nationalists held on to a small island off the Fujian coast and defended it at all costs

IT MIGHT BE DIFFICULT TO DISCERN THROUGH the black clouds billowing from bomb craters in Tehran, but Iran has spent most of the 21st century as the region’s rising power. Until recently, things had re

In 1942, the German war machine was at the height of its power. France, the ‘hereditary enemy’, was defeated and occupied. In the Soviet Union, Army Group South was marching inexorably toward the Cauc

During the early days Operation Barbarossa, Army Group Centre’s rapid advance surrounded hundreds of thousands of Red Army soldiers in the Białystok-Minsk area. What ensued was a catastrophic defeat for the Soviet defenders

“We will measure our success not only by ...