SOFTWARE: PHOTOSHOP, PROCREATE OR SIMILAR | ZBRUSH OR SIMILAR
Alphas are nice and easy, but can give you amazing results when used correctly. Simply put, they’re a black and white image that allows us to change the surface of a model based on the values in that image. For example, a brush that uses a square alpha (white square on a black background) enables the artist to either paint a blocky line, because of the hard edge of the square, or drag out a raised square.
In most 3D programs like ZBrush, Blender and Nomad Sculpt, you’re given a comprehensive set of Alpha maps, but the power is when you start making your own. I usually make new ones for each project I work on, but I do keep sets of rocks, skin, scales, wood and so on. I build a set of images that cover all the areas I want to detail on a creature.
When sculpting, it’s handy to work in a structured manner. A good way is to use primary, secondary and tertiary forms. Primary would be the blocking out stage where you simply define the overall shape of the model. You add arms, legs, a tail and such, and the model isn’t detailed in any way. Working with rudimentary forms is how we work best in lots of mediums like drawing and painting, but it’s crucial in sculpting too.
Secondary forms are where you might go in and add key landmarks like the shoulder blade and elements such as the sternum in the centre of the chest. It would also be where you add major muscle groups like the biceps, trapezius and neck muscles. You go as far as you can without adding any surface detail.
The final stage would be the tertiary modelling, where you use alpha maps to their best. On a human model this would feature elements like skin wrinkles and pores. But what about creatures like dinosaurs, where the scales and scutes are an important part of the look?
This is where making and using highly detailed alpha maps becomes essential. I generally make a set for each part of the body, including large wrinkles, scars, scales, and much more. Let’s take a look at how we can make some for use in ZBrush.
STEP BY STEP CREATE DINOSAUR ALPHAS
In your 2D program of choice (here I’m using procreate) make a document at any size you like. The bigger the better for resolution, but don’t go too big. I typically use 2,048 x 2,048px for most detail
