What happens when…
Hands up who still shudders at the sight of a pill pack. It’s time to go under the hood of how oral contraceptives affect you
01
Inner workings
From Cilest to Microgynon, the contraceptive pill comes in different shapes, sizes and guises. The ‘combined’ pill contains two hormones. ‘Oestrogen is a naturally occurring hormone that controls menstrual bleeding,’ says Gareth Nye, endocrinology researcher working at the University of Chester. ‘And progestogen, an alternative form of progesterone, stops pregnancy by inhibiting egg development and ovulation.’ There’s also the progestogen-only ‘mini pill’. To determine the right one for you, your doctor will check your height, weight and vital signs, such as blood pressure, as well as your medical history.
02
Side tustle
The lack of innovation in women’s contraceptives has been widely criticised, not least because side effects remain common. A recent Channel 4 survey of 4,000 women found 77% had experienced negative side effects, with anxiety, depression and low mood the most commonly cited reasons for quitting it. The contraceptive review platform thelowdown.com can help you find a method that works for your body. Lifestyle changes can help mitigate side effects, notes Dr Nye. But if they persist – a symptom diary can help – discuss alternative options with your GP.
03
Mind the snap
So what’s causing those mood changes, then? ‘Synthetic hormones within oral contraception reduce levels of freely available oestrogen and progesterone in the brain, which can impact the brain’s serotonin levels,’ adds Dr Nye, referring to the neurotransmitter that’s vital for maintaining mental health. ‘Moodrelated side effects are more commonly experienced by women with pre-existing mental health conditions,’ explains reproductive endocrinologist Callum Potts. ‘For those with debilita
