It’s a big talking point, but with so many myths to dispel, our experts explain how to intepret your symptoms
words JO WILLIAMS compiled by ISABELLA KEELING
Allergy and intolerance: what’s the difference?
An allergy has an acute, almost immediate reaction, the worst of which is anaphylaxis. Food intolerance is less severe and more difficult to diagnose. An intolerance usually occurs because the body is lacking an enzyme that’s needed to digest certain food. Symptoms include bloating, headaches and rashes. Skin-prick testing and blood tests are available but the most effective way of identifying one is through an elimination diet.
This trial-and-error approach involves monitoring symptoms when you eat. Once you identify the problem, you can remove it from your diet to see if symptoms are improved or not.
The main culprits
FRUCTOSE
This natural sugar is found in fruit, honey and some syrups. If you suspect a sensitivity to it, try to avoid sucrose (table sugar), fruit juices and sorbitol.
WHEAT
This common intolerance causes digestive upsets, such as bloating. You may need to eliminate flour-based products as well as foods containing wheat. Levels of intolerance vary – some people can tolerate alternative grains, like spelt or kamut.
GLUTEN
This is the glue-like protein found in grains, such as wheat, rye and barley. Some people are intolerant to the gluten in these grains, others find wheat the trigger. A diet high in refined carbohydrates may contain large quantities of gluten, which effectively ‘glues up’ the digestive system. If you can’t tolerate gluten-containing grains, try rice, corn or potato flour.
GLUCOSE
Glucose intolerance is the term given to metabolic conditions which cause elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels. If you have impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, your body is not using glucose properly. This may result in higher than normal blood sugar levels – known as hyperglycemia. Symptoms include excessive thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, blurred vision and frequent urination. It is important to seek medical advice if you suspect you have an intolerance to glucose.
LACTOSE
Animal milks contain lactose and the body produces an enzyme in our gut called lactase to digest it. Without sufficient lactase, you may experience bloating, wind and diarrhoea. Those who are lactose-intolerant may be able to tolerate a small amount of butter, cheese or yogurt while others need to totally avo
